Samenvatting

Background: Although research on children's motor competence is a growing field of interest, especially among
young children (4-6 years), several questions remain to be answered. Differences in children’s motor
competence and their determinants, must be made transparent since early childhood is a critical period for the
development of fundamental movement skills, and thereby a lifelong active lifestyle and health. Objective: The
purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine differences in actual motor competence (AMC), perceived
motor competence (PMC) and enjoyment of physical activity among young children with different weight status.
Methods: AMC, PMC and enjoyment were measured among 1708 children (50.4% male, mean age: 5.34 ± 0.73
years) from 36 primary schools in The Netherlands. AMC was measured by using the Athletic Skills Track
(AST-1). The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence for Young Children was used for
determining PMC and enjoyment of physical activity was measured using a Visual Analogue Scale. The data
were analyzed using a three-way ANOVA to examine the differences between AMC, PMC and enjoyment by
sex (boys/girls), age (4, 5, 6 years) and weight status (normal, overweight, obesity). Results: Overall, AMC was
ranked as ‘average motor gifted’. Average PMC and enjoyment scores were 3.31 (SE 0.01) (1-4 scale) and 4.41
(SE 0.02) (1-5 scale) respectively. No interaction effects were found between sex, age and weight status on
AMC or PMC. However, there was a statistically significant two-way interaction effect for enjoyment between
age and weight status (F (4,1454) =2.464, p =.043). Relative enjoyment scores for normal weight and overweight
groups between high and low enjoyment were distributed 99% to 1%. However, in the obese group there was a
distribution of 92% to 8% between high and low enjoyment. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that
there are no significant differences in AMC and PMC between children of different sex, ages (4, 5 and 6 years),
and weight status in this age group. However, children with obesity more often experience less enjoyment during
physical activity than children with another weight status. Targeted intervention for increasing enjoyment during
physical activity in combination with reducing obesity seems advisable even at young age.