Samenvatting

Abstract. The rapid increase in e-waste poses significant environmental challenges.
Most disposed Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) products,
including computers, mobile phones, and household appliances, are currently
recycled for materials rather than reused, due to perceived low residual value.
This approach conflicts with circular economy goals, which emphasize extending
products’ lifetime. Many disposed EEE items are “end-of-use” rather than
“end-of-life,” indicating potential for reuse after refurbishment or repair. However,
effective lifetime extension is hampered by inadequate data sharing and
complex data systems within the EEE sector. This research addresses the data
sharing problem, which is essential for circular strategies and improving EEE
lifetime extension. Digital transformation, particularly through the Digital Product
Passport (DPP), can facilitate comprehensive product life cycle management,
supporting sustainable practices. We propose an EEE ecosystem modelling approach
to compare traditional and circular business models through e3-value models,
focusing on washing machines. We investigated the applicability of DPPs to
aid decision-making for lifetime extension at collection points.