Samenvatting

Since the political unrest in the Middle East and North Africa, the pressure on the European
external borders has been increasing due the enormous flow of refugees to Europe. States play a
role in creating international refugee flows. For example the interstate violence and violence
between different social or cultural groups. In many countries, this led to overthrow of
governments. The unrest and uprisings are not the only consequence it had also resulted in a
great migration flow to the European Union. Migration flows of refugees are not something from the
last years.
In the years after World War II, the European Union also suffered a refugee crisis. In these years
several conventions and protocols have been passed to protect refugees. Since the extension in
the 1980s of political and economic cooperation and the internal market in 1993, adequate
measures were necessary to control the levels of migration. In 1999, the EU started to make plans
to develop a common asylum policy. Over time, the European Union has adopted several
measures for a more efficient asylum system, but the harmonization of the CEAS across all
European member states continues to prove very difficult, since not every state has the same
asylum problems as other members.
The European Union has rapidly enlarged its borders and due to the Schengen Agreement, there
are no borders controls in the member states. After the enlargement, it was necessary to create an
agency for the management and security of the European borders. In 2004, the EU established the
border security agency Frontex. The agency was established to coordinate cooperation between
member states in the field of border security. The agency has passed through rapid development
and its functions and capabilities have been extended several times. Still, the agency is not
working optimally and becomes target of criticism when problems arise at the borders.
The pressure of the flow of refugees to the European Union has been increased. In many
European countries, there has been increasing demand for tighter restrictions in the security,
asylum and migration policies. The biggest problem is the unwillingness of member states to unite
and harmonise. Thereby, Frontex only assisted in the security of the external borders and have no
official responsibility. The different problems surrounding are the reason that Public-Private
Partnerships could be a solution. Government remains responsible for policymaking and
legislation, but a private organization executes it. Frontex could work together with the European
Asylum Support Office (EASO) as a new agency to determine asylum applications in the EU. The
collaboration between Frontex and EASO will act as the distribution key.