Bilingual education using a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) approach is widespread in secondary education throughout Europe and also found further afield. In many contexts CLIL seems to select or attract the more able and more academically-inclined pupils, or only be available to pupils …

The effect of bilingual education (BE) on the attitude towards learning English of pupils in the first three years of pre-vocational secondary education in the Netherlands (n = 488) was investigated. Contrary to several other BE/CLIL studies, in the present study pupils choosing for a bilingual stream …

Does bilingual education at junior vocational secondary level ‘work’? In other words, do vmbo pupils who have some subject lessons in English, such as art or biology, achieve a higher level of (English) language proficiency without adverse effects to their Dutch proficiency or their subject knowledge? …

In many countries, Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in secondary education, whether by default or design, focuses primarily on high-achieving students. This paper presents a study of CLIL programs for a different population: junior vocational students in the lower streams of secondary …