Over the last decades the field of “military innovation studies” has proliferated tremendously. In particular, adaptations by armed forces in wartime have received extensive academic attention. The merit of military innovation studies is that it identifies the attributes of military organizations with …

Both deterrence theory and deterrence practice are evolving to address contemporary strategic challenges. In the military domain, states progressively integrate and synchronise military operations. Outside of it, they exploit grey zone strategies that combine different instruments of in fl uence across …

Which frame of reference can scholars best use for the study of military innovation? This seeming straightforward question is difficult to answer. The last four decades show an impressive accumulation of publications that address the topic of military innovation. Many scholars investigated manifestations …