Passenger flow management is an important issue at many airports around the world. There are high concentrations of passengers arriving and leaving the airport in waves of large volumes in short periods, particularly in big hubs. This might cause congestion in some locations depending on the layout of …

Traditionally airport systems have been studied using an approach in which the different elements of the system are studied independently. Until recently scientific community has put attention in developing models and techniques that study the system using holistic approaches for understanding cause …