In 2006 a mud volcano erupted in Sidoarjo, a town south of East Java’s industrial hub, Surabaya. The volcano has continued to produce mud until the present day (2016) resulting in a mud depot of over 500 hectares. The mud has caused damage to the people living in the area and continues to bring destruction …

Design for a spa at the intersection of landscapes. With the sea level rise due to climate change, the traditional way of keeping the island save, by building dikes, will eventually become unaffordable. With farsightedness, twenty-five years ago an experiment with dynamic costal management was started …

This dissertation is about the Wadden Sea Area in times of change. Conditions that predetermined the very existence of this distinct sea are now threatened by the sea level projected in the forthcoming 50-100 years. Therefore, this puts pressure on the water management to protect the area behind the …