International cooperation in the American-led F-35 program inherently triggers national security concerns. Consequently, the multiple exports in the supply chain are subject to intricate licensing and export controls. Drawing on insights from governance and contract theory we introduce a theoretical …

Using a four-level dashboard, this chapter offers a quantitative and a qualitative analysis of the effectiveness of an arms embargo against Saudi Arabia. The chapter elaborates on the question as to how political, security and economic motives have impacted the (un)willingness of major arms selling states …

This chapter analyses the unauthorized transfer of a Dronebuster for testing in a fictitious European NATO member state (EUMS). As the Dronebuster had been purchased in the US, it remained subject to US export control regulations, and, prior authorization was warranted. As there had been no requests …

This chapter examines how an adequate Internal Compliance Program (ICP) for the Royal Netherlands Airforce (RNLAF) was developed. In order to create an adequate ICP, it is essential to determine which legal and other aspects should be incorporated in the ICP framework. To deduct these relevant aspects …

The Dutch Republic underwent a process of state formation, accelerated economic growth and military reforms during the Eighty Years War. In particular between 1585 and 1621, Dutch merchant-entrepreneurs built up a burgeoning arms industry and sector of arms exports. These exports required a system of …

In 2017 NATO initiated Enhanced Forward Presence (eFP) in the Baltics to deter Russia. While most studies analyse eFP from the perspective of NATO or the troop contributing countries, this chapter addresses the question how the host nations, i.e. in this contribution Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, perceive …

Since the introduction of India’s cold start and Pakistan’s full spectrum deterrence doctrines, the subcontinental deterrence landscape has been characterised by strong cross-domain dynamics. In extremis, if both states adhere to the threats issued in their doctrines a Pakistan-supported militant attack …

The deterrence of non-state actors is a relatively understudied and not particularly well-understood aspect of deterrence studies. This chapter contributes to the emerging body of knowledge on this matter by coining the idea of localised deterrence. Based on a discussion of counterinsurgency theory it …

This chapter examines the use of deterrence by President Putin of the Russian Federation against potential democratic revolts. It combines insights from the literatures on democratic revolutions and social movements on the one hand and deterrence and coercion on the other. This exploratory research sketches …

Russian disinformation has thus far proven to be unconvincing for most Dutch target audiences. This is the conclusion of the present chapter. Information and disinformation have become effective weapons in international politics. This is part of a development where the weapons and concepts used in deterrence …