This thesis provides an answer to the question if the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) does fulfil its own objective of supporting Ecosystem-based management by producing Ecosystem Overviews as advice. Against the background of ongoing changes and pressures on the ecosystem, …

Tropical deforestation is one of the main causes for habitat destruction and fragmentation for bird communities worldwide, but Costa Rica is one of the few countries where forest cover increased. Biodiversity in Costa Rica is astonishing, especially in the isolated cloud forests of the ecoregion ‘Talamancan …

The objective of this study is to apply a potato model for the Andean Ecoregion and extend this model with Late Blight epidemiology and fungicide spray scheduling in order to evaluate effects (trade-offs) of fungicide applications on potato yield.