In foul decision-making by football referees, visual search is important for gathering task-specific information to determine whether a foul has occurred. Yet, little is known about the visual search behaviours underpinning excellent on-field decisions. The aim of this study was to examine the on-field …

Most aesthetic sports where judges subjectively rate performances can suffer from issues like systematic errors due to biases. Equestrian dressage is defined through the intricate interaction between horse and rider. Assessing these interactions can be particularly complex, often exceeding human processing …

How do (temporary) societies actually arise, bottom-up (co-creation), or top-down (organized by an elite)? In this article, both the book The Dawn of Everything (Graeber and Wengrow, 2021) and the Netflix documentary Trainwreck: Woodstock '99 are presented to answer this queston: both forms of emerging/organizing …

Although causal inference has shown great value in estimating effect sizes in, for instance, physics, medical studies, and economics, it is rarely used in sports science. Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation (TMLE) is a modern method for performing causal inference. TMLE is forgiving in the misspecification …

The specificity of training for races is believed to be important for performance development. However, measuring specificity is challenging. This study aimed to develop a method to quantify the specificity of speed skating training for sprint races (i.e., 500 and 1,000 m), and explore the amount of …

Long before the COVID pandemic, we had already realised that traditional forms of internationalisation had their limitations. Mobility of students had remained limited to a small minority of students, a ‘cultural elite’. We had also become aware that student mobility was mostly from the global north …

Despite decades of European financial stimulation for cross-border projects, the attention for cross-border cooperation (CBC) is still volatile. Depending on, among other things, political and economic tendencies, it is a hot item, or not. Irrespective of the trend, it is difficult to encourage citizens …

Training-induced adaptations in muscle morphology, including their magnitude and individual variation, remain relatively unknown in elite athletes. We reported changes in rowing performance and muscle morphology during the general and competitive preparation phases in elite rowers. Nineteen female rowers …