Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) are conceptual frameworks that tie an initial perturbation (molecular initiat- ing event) to a phenotypic toxicological manifestation (adverse outcome), through a series of steps (key events). They provide therefore a standardized way to map and organize toxicological …

IL22 is an important cytokine involved in the intestinal defense mechanisms against microbiome. By using ileum-derived organoids, we show that the expression of anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) and anti-viral peptides (AVPs) can be induced by IL22. In addition, we identified a bacterial and a viral route, …

Implementation of reliable methodologies allowing Reduction, Refinement, and Replacement (3Rs) of animal testing is a process that takes several decades and is still not complete. Reliable methods are essential for regulatory hazard assessment of chemicals where differences in test protocol can influence …

The thoracic and peritoneal cavities are lined by serous membranes and are home of the serosal immune system. This immune system fuses innate and adaptive immunity, to maintain local homeostasis and repair local tissue damage, and to cooperate closely with the mucosal immune system. Innate lymphoid cells …

Introduction: Strenuous physical stress induces a range of physiological responses, the extent depending, among others, on the nature and severity of the exercise, a person’s training level and overall physical resilience. This principle can also be used in an experimental set-up by measuring time-dependent …

Samenvatting Introductie: Ondanks behandeling hebben patiënten met diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) nog steeds een verhoogd risico om micro- en macrovasculaire complicaties te ontwikkelen. Epidemiologische studies hebben associaties laten zien tussen de inname van monomere en oligomere flavanolen (MOF) …

Background Disorders of the rotator cuff are a common musculoskeletal pain presentation in the general population, and treatment by a physiotherapist is often prescribed. In 2011, 2016, surveys of physiotherapy practice in the United Kingdom (UK) were performed, which reported that advice and exercise …

In dit onderzoek wordt onderzocht wat de behoeften zijn van topsporters van 14 tot 18 jaar binnen de EYSA bij een duale carrière voor topsporters. De onderzoeksvraag om dit te onderzoeken luidt: “Wat zijn de behoeften van de topsporter van 14 tot 18 jaar binnen de EYSA op het gebied van begeleiding …