In this study, we present the e ects of time and temperature on the formation of urea deposits and their composition under conditions realistic to mobile heavy-duty SCR applications. To this end, various synthesis times were evaluated (1 h, 4 h and 24 h), as well as temperatures (298–673 K). The formed …

AkzoNobel is a multinational sustainable company which makes paints, coatings and special chemicals. Hexahydrophthalic anhydride, phthalic anhydride and trimellitic anhydride are dangerous chemicals, because they can cause irritations and allergic reactions. These chemicals are often used in paint and …

Abstract A setup is designed and constructed to perform specular reectance spectroscopy on an enzymatic reaction, while simultaneously monitoring the heat produced by the reaction using a FLIR camera. The spectrum of ethanol was recorded using two MCT detectors and showed clear overlap with literature …

Granular 2-nitropropyl potato starch was synthesized by reaction with 2-nitropropyl acetate in an aqueous suspension. Nitroalkylation occurs preferentially with the amylose fraction of potato starch, as was confirmed by leaching experiments and digestion of the modified starch with α-amylase. The 2-nitropropyl …

Michael additions of α-nitroesters with enones and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes result in quantitative conversions to the corresponding 1,4-adducts by performing the reactions in water in the presence of ytterbium triflate as water-tolerant Lewis acid.

In this article, we review the recent progress that has been made in the field of Lewis-acid catalysis of carbon carbon-bond-forming reactions in aqueous solution. Since water hampers the hard hard interactions between the catalyst and the reactant, it often complicates catalysis. However, once coordination …