The impact of the construction industry on the natural environment is severe, natural areas are changedinto predominantly hard solid surfaces, the energy use in the built environment is high and the industryputs huge claims on materials.

In 2006 a mud volcano erupted in Sidoarjo, a town south of East Java’s industrial hub, Surabaya. The volcano has continued to produce mud until the present day (2016) resulting in a mud depot of over 500 hectares. The mud has caused damage to the people living in the area and continues to bring destruction …