The authors take a legal perspective at the 2006 Hezbollah-Israeli conflict, but also illustrate the difficulty states armed forces have when facing non-state adversaries. International law (ius ad bellum) and the laws of war (ius in bello) both seem to originate most of all from the history of western, …

The Israeli Defense Force (IDF) encountered numerous problems during the invasion of southern Lebanon in 2006. Division 162, for instance, experienced serious difficulties while approaching the village of Ghandouriyeh.2 Even though multiple axes of approach were available the IDF took the route along …

The author focuses on the complex phenomenon of Hezbollah and its supporters. Although concluding it is unique in its combination of strategic objectives, military capabilities, the weak state of Lebanon, Iranian and Syrian military and political support, and the religious theocratic ideology, this is …

Sub-national authorities [SNAs] have seen a great development in their influence in the European up from the 1980s, due to several processes at work in Europe. Multi-level governance [MLG], a theory derived from studies on European Integration, explains for instance the changing interaction between different …

Covers papers organized in topical sections on AI methods for ambient intelligence, evaluating ubiquitous systems with users, model driven software engineering for ambient intelligence applications, smart products, ambient assisted living, human aspects in ambient intelligence, Amigo, WASP as well as …

This paper describes a business process and organizational re-design and implementation project for an e-government service organization. In this project the initial process execution time of a Virtual Private Network (VPN) connection request has been reduced from some 60 days to 2 days. This has been …

Almost continually Afghanistan has had a national police force which, centrally controlled, served the interests of the government in a repressive manner. Dependent on the signature of the regime, the role and realisation of its task differed. Where in the nineteen-sixties and seventies the emphasis …

In this article the author homes in on the tension inherent in the mission in Afghanistan: finding the balance in conducting reconstruction operations while also providing security including the application of considerable force, if necessary. He analyses the effectiveness and efficiency of Dutch land …

The author compiled what became public of Israels air force activities, raising the question of its effectiveness. Of course, Hezbollah was no match for air superiority, but fired rockets at Israel from an extensive network of tunnels and subterranean bunkers and shelters. In this conflict the added …

RFID technology is a promising technology currently finding its way into the field of customer interaction strategy, supply chain accuracy and inventory management. Primarily, RFID tags are seen as substitutes of traditional barcodes, yet they can add a lot of value and functionality. Where barcodes …