In dit artikel ligt de focus op sparen als middel om risico's te vermijden, met speciale aandacht voor financiële risico's tijdens de oude dag, in Nederland in de periode 1881-1940.

Modigliani's Life Cycle Model has no explanatory value in regard to late nineteenth and early twentieth century saving behavior in the Netherlands because many people had to survive on extremely low incomes. However, this does not mean that Dutch working-class people at the turn of the century never …