This applied research is an attempt to analyse the effectiveness of milk marketing and facilitate developing a sustainable milk value chain for dairy farmer’s groups in Punakha district. Both quantitative and qualitative methods of survey, key informant interviews and focus group discussion were used …

Decomposition is an ecosystem process, mainly important in the carbon and nitrogen cycles. When looking at what drives decomposition, there are three major drivers. These are plant litter quality, microbes and soil animals (detritivores). A large problem in understanding the decomposition process is …

Tropical forests are under serious pressure and deforestation and forest degradation are taking their toll. The mixed dipterocarp forests of Sarawak are no exception. The importance of sustainable forest management is evident and growth models are a convenient tool to help in determining sustainable …

This report contains a restoration plan for degraded lands near the village of Kalamos on Kalamos island. The island is one of the Ionian islands off the west coast of Greece. There used to be deciduous evergreen forests that have now been reduced to small groves or individual trees. To restore this …

Increasingly, adding trees to the city is a new goal on the urban agenda in order to fight climate change. There is an interesting contrast when looking at the average lifespan of trees in the city: 30 years. The reason is that trees are still being seen from a utilitarian perspective and as urban furniture …

The rehabilitation forest on the Waste Dump Paringin South (WDPS) of PT Adaro Indonesia was established in 2015 and 2016. The area is on the Paringin mining site near Tanjung, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Although trees were planted on the whole area and the starting conditions were similar, the area …

Food forests form an interesting option in the development of a more sustainable form of agriculture. They are rapidly gaining in popularity in the Netherlands, although the uptake of the concept has mainly been on private estates and public land. The Dutch agricultural sector is sceptical of the concept …

A food forest produces financial, social and natural value. But how exactly? This paper focuses on the question: “What could be a successful business case for a temperate climate food forest in the Netherlands?”. This report shows that food forests can beat conventional food systems in the long run, …

This is the report of a research that was conducted on the mammal distribution in CNCH. The research was conducted with the following research question: is there a difference in distribution of endangered and vulnerable mammal species between the slightly disturbed primary forests and the highly disturbed …

Forests, both natural and planted, can provide multiple benefits to human society. The loss of these ecosystem services due to deforestation and forest degradation is of global concern and of particular importance to rural populations that rely on natural resources for their livelihoods. One of the (international) …