Jaarlijks wordt een aanzienlijk deel van de Nederlandse burgers en bedrijven slachtof fer van onlinecriminaliteit. Hieronder vallen zowel nieuwe delicten, zoals het hacken van een emailaccount of het platleggen van een website (ook wel cybercriminaliteit), als traditionele vormen van criminaliteit waarbij …

The purpose of this paper is to research why the implementation of UNSCR (2000) on taking a stand for Women, Peace, and Security by the Netherlands and Italy has failed to provide the desired results. In order to address this question, different research methods were chosen. The choice has been to only …

The concept of deterrence has dominated Western strategic thought for some seven decades. It shows no signs of easing its grip. In the face of any new security threat, such as terrorism or cyber-attacks, one of the fi rst questions to be asked is ‘ can this be deterred? ’ Even when the answer is not very …

In recent literature, much attention has been paid to factors that affect nuclear deterrence and stability from the outside: new missile defence systems, non-nuclear (conventional) high-precision long-range weapons, the in fl uence of third and threshold nuclear states, space weapons, and — more recently …

This chapter traces the evolution of Russian thinking on deterrence and makes three arguments. First, the Russian approach to deterrence differs from the Western conceptualization of this term. Deterrence a la Ruse is much broader than the meaning that Western experts have in mind. It stands for the …

All major powers undertake deterrence behaviour, as an integral part of their foreign and security policy. This includes the People ’ s Republic of China (PRC). The PRC, however, comes from a different strategic tradition than the United States; therefore, understanding Chinese views of deterrence has …

Japan has consistently adopted a deterrence-by-denial strategy in the post-war period. Its ability to deter foreign attacks depends more heavily on its ability to deny hostility than to punish perpetrators. Japan ’ s deterrence-by-denial posture has faced at least two major problems. One problem is the …

Russian disinformation has thus far proven to be unconvincing for most Dutch target audiences. This is the conclusion of the present chapter. Information and disinformation have become effective weapons in international politics. This is part of a development where the weapons and concepts used in deterrence …

The question on whether and how deterring an adversary in or through cyberspace is feasible has provoked the minds of scholars and practitioners for decades. Today, cyber deterrence remains a quintessential anchoring concept for the political debates on cyber policy. However, does the concept of deterrence …

Offering a critical synthesis of extant insights into technological developments in AI and their potential rami fi cations for international relations and deterrence postures, this chapter argues that AI risks in fl uencing military deterrence and coercion in unique ways: it may alter cost-bene fi t calculations …