This research paper concerns itself with the technical and political obstacles of securing the EU cyber space against espionage and surveillance both amongst the member states and particularly those emerging from foreign powers. The scope of the research is limited to signals intelligence (SIGINT) related …

According to several provisions of Iraq's Constitutional Law, Criminal Law and its obligations under International Law, at first sight it seems that minority women and girls of Iraqi Kurdistan are adequately protected under Iraqi and International Law. However, in reality these minority women suffer …

Statelessness is a global issue that affects more than 12 million people around the world. Based on the United Nations (UN) estimates, the Council of Europe (CoE) has identified the number of stateless persons in Europe to be at least 680,000. Despite the above figures, statelessness remains a relatively …

This report examines the consequences of unaccompanied and separated, asylum-seeking children (UASASC) turning 18, that are passing through the asylum process in France, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. It compares the asylum procedures as well as the practices in the management of unaccompanied …

The transatlantic data transfer between the U.S. and the EU would have been extremely complex and expensive if the European Commission together with the U.S. Department of Commerce had not originated the Safe Harbor agreement in 2000. As recently as the beginning of 2014 the European Parliament, especially …

Refugees and internally displaced people who flee their homes due to environmental threats and far-going degradation which destroys their living conditions are not well-protected under international law. Refugee law focusses on political refugees. Establishing principals similar to the Responsibility …

Summary Social impact assessment (SIA) developed alongside EIA in the early 1970s as a mechanism to consider the social impacts of planned interventions. The early understanding tended to limit the practical application of SIA to the project level, usually within the context of regulatory frameworks, …

Full text via link. Human rights safeguard that individuals can develop their ideas and identity undisturbed by government or governmental agencies. With regard to radicalisation, adopting radical ideas is not a crime. Some crimes, such as hate-speech and ideological violence, are associated with radicalisation, …

Het artikel is een onderdeel van een Legal Dictionary of Food Security, en bespreekt het recht op adequate voeding.

While the right to adequate food is often discussed in the context of developing countries, especially in situations where access to adequate food is a problem on a larger scale, this book focusses on the right to food in two Western countries in which theoretically the circumstances allow this right …