The COVID-19 global pandemic has raised once more the spectre of world governance, demonstrating in one fell swoop, the intricate entanglement of nation-states and the challenges they face when confronted with a global threat. The pandemic has produced an array of problems, from the deaths of millions, …

The world needs more jobs to meet United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 8 and to keep up with expected population growth. Policymakers stimulate start-ups due to their expected job-generating effect. Despite the increased number of solo self-employed, percentages on graduation from small to larger …

At present, COVID-19 has caused a possible paradigm shift in education, especially in education delivery for higher educational and learning institutions. To align with the national government and relevant national/international authorities’ policies and to avoid the spread of the virus, educational …

In 2017 NATO initiated Enhanced Forward Presence (eFP) in the Baltics to deter Russia. While most studies analyse eFP from the perspective of NATO or the troop contributing countries, this chapter addresses the question how the host nations, i.e. in this contribution Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, perceive …

In this blog, we analyze the (potential) effects of the coronavirus on UN peacekeeping, making use of a number of recent blogs and reports from scholars and think tanks. We argue that peace operations are affected by the coronavirus on three levels: at the level of the operations themselves, at the level …

The chief purpose of this thesis is to examine the reform process of the UN Security Council and highlight the obstacles and limitations of the various existing reform proposals. This research is conducted through the use of qualitative methods, namely desk research and field research. The qualitative …

The following research aims to determine feasible and effective recommendations on how to improve the United Nations zero-tolerance policy with respect to sexual exploitation and abuse by UN personnel. The UN has pursued a zero-tolerance policy since 2003, which means that any sexual contact between …

Northern Cyprus is a de facto state in the eyes of the international community. Its independence has been deemed illegitimate by the United Nations as it is seen as an occupied territory by Turkey. Therefore, Turkey is the only country in the world that recognizes the so-called Turkish Republic of Northern …

This paper explores innovative approaches to stimulating the uptake of existing climate technologies for mitigation and adaptation. Such innovations can be identified in the following areas: how technology options are selected by countries (i.e. as part of low-emission and climate-resilient pathways); …

The Lisbon Treaty stipulates that the European Union's and the Member States' actions should be guided by the principles that inspired its creation. These principles are democracy, the rule of law, human rights. However, influence from outside forces can affect the European Union's unity, and leave Member …