Vast empirical evidence underscores that exporting firms are more productive than non-exporters. As governments accordingly pursue export-promoting policies we are interested in the firmness of these conclusions with respect to African small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and the influence of the …

In 1949 the People's Republic of China emerged from a civil war with communist Mao Zedong as its victor. During the peak of Mao's rule China was completely isolated from the world. In the 1960's China lost the support of the Soviet Union due to failed policies such as the Great Leap Forward and various …

The Caucasus is a region with a turbulent history in which Russia has played an important role as occupier. During the 17th and 18th century Russia became a dominant force in the Caucasus. Near the end of the 19th century Russia was finally able to conquer the whole region. However, after many decades …

Sub-national authorities [SNAs] have seen a great development in their influence in the European up from the 1980s, due to several processes at work in Europe. Multi-level governance [MLG], a theory derived from studies on European Integration, explains for instance the changing interaction between different …

The following paper presents an evaluation of actions and commitments carried out by the European Union (EU) and the United Nations (UN) in order to achieve gender-sensitive sustainable development. Starting with the introduction explaining the issue of gender inequality and describing the research methods …

Enterprise 2.0, deconstructed firms, organisational ecosystems: all of these buzzwords are used to identify operating concepts behind today's companies. They are driven by the need to be agile, flexible, distributed, open, transparent, simple, on demand and with a short time to market. In order to be …

In recent years, the number of publications on innovation in the construction industry has increased. Many of these documents address qualitative issues, e.g. policies for innovation and present case studies. A more quantitative approach is taken in this paper, which is the continuation of a previous …

In 2000 the European Union (EU) signed the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), a United Nations (UN) policy in order to reduce poverty until 2015 by half compared to the figures from 2000. The EU is fully committed to the achievement of these internationally established MDGs which aim to end poverty …

Indonesia began tourism marketing in 1991. The first program was called Visit Indonesia Decade and ran until the year 2000. Then, for eight years, Indonesia did not have a tourism marketing program. In 2008, Indonesia re-started the tourism marketing program as Visit Indonesia 2008 - 100 years of national …

This paper focuses on the concept climate refugees in the 21st Century and mainly concerns environmentally displaced persons from developing countries. It seeks to answer the following question: 'Should the concept of climate refugees best be approached from a juridical or an environmental point of view?' …