The author adresses the question if there is something called cyber war? He challenges the commonly accepted conclusion that cyber war is inevitably. While acknowledging the reality of cyber threats, he argues that most threats and incidents are actually better qualified as sabotage, espionage and subversion. …

The authors make an attempt to economize the 'feeling of being secure' in times of cyber threats. They distinguish the direct costs of cyber attacks, the indirect costs that follow from the responses to deter (possible) attacks and the indirect expenditures resulting from the rules and regulations that …

By critically analysing the initial worries concerning public reactions and the actual responses to attacks by new military technologies (strategic bombing during World War II), to natural disasters (Hurricane Katrina), to the 2003 Blackouts (in the US), and to terrorist attacks (9/11), the author concludes …

This article teaches that, like today in the context of cyber security, various nations came up with divergent approaches and responses at the tactical, operational and strategic levels. The explanation given lies in the fact that - apart from the common security setting and available technology - policy …

The authors concentrate on the cooperation of organisations - from government and the market sector - to address cyber threats. They discern three network action models that respectively deal with organisations' routine wrestling to fight every day's attacks on digital systems, a possible disruption …

Cyber war is the result of complex technologies that not many people really comprehend. However, insight into this complexity is needed to analyse the vulnerability or the opposite -the robustness and resilience- of the digital networks that are targeted by cyberthreats. Based on mathematical game theory, …

Reflection on the role of social media in social movements, conflicts in civil society and military operations. While acknowleging the use of the digital media as a form of cyber warfare by groups such as Al Qaeda and the Taliban to good effect against ISAF in Afghanistan, the authors suggest that in …

In this article an imaginary military Headquarters is the central objects of analysis. Military HQs are high on the target lists of terrorists and adversaries in general. The amount of digital information exchange in such strategic settings is gigantic. The authors focus on the entry gates of such an …

The authors concentrate on the legal framework for cyber operations. Analysing this framework, covering the legal bases in order to initiate cyber operations, as well as the applicable regimes that govern the conduct of operations, shows that various sorts of cyber operations do not fit nearly into existing …

The authors explore the policy responses that have seen the light of day recently in various countries and organisations in response to the threats in or originating from cyberspace. This overview encompasses general policy as wel as military policy )i.e. strategy, doctrine and-or practise'. It shows …