In the debate about smart cities, an alternative to a dominant top-down, tech-driven solutionist approach has arisen in examples of ‘civic hacking’. Hacking here refers to the playful, exploratory, collaborative and sometimes transgressive modes of operation found in various hacker cultures, this time …

This entry begins by reviewing the definitions of “human”, “environment” and “dichotomy”, consequently turning to the debates concerning the human–environment relationship. Synthesizing various studies, the capability of advanced tool use; language, hyper-sociality, advanced cognition, morality, civilization, …

Interconnecting cyber-physical systems in networks leads to the creation of cyber-physical system-of-systems. In a cyber-physical system-of-systems (CPSoS), systems communicate by exchanging and sharing data and information, which this chapter also refers to as interoperability of information. To ensure …

The term “autonomy” comes from the Greek roots “autos” and “nomos”, which mean “self” and “law” respectively. This survey paper investigates the concept of autonomy in connection with the development of cyber-physical systems. The concept of autonomy refers to a form of self-regulation or self-government …

Western societies are quickly becoming less coherent (Giddens, 1991). As a result it is increasingly unclear how individuals should act in a range of situations or how they may understand themselves. To a certain extent this development towards more diverse perspectives and a broader range of ways to …

In the Netherlands, a growing number of vocational education and training institutions have recently implemented new vocational career guidance practices in their competence-based approaches to learning. Vocational career guidance refers to services intended to assist people, of any age and at any point …

In this chapter, we study the inter-organizational response to the European migration crisis by using a collective sensemaking perspective. Collective sensemaking refers to the process by which organizations construct a shared understanding of an ambiguous and confusing situation, which subsequently …

The main research question in this chapter was: Which information problem solving skills are, according to the lecturers in the Bachelor of ICT, important for their students? Selecting items from a results list and judging the information on actuality, relevance and reliability were regarded as extremely …

Change agent capacity-building compendium.Due to increasing globalization, technological advances and sociological changes, the world is becoming more complex than ever. Complexity has gone from large systems, to organizational and individual levels. Today it concerns all aspects of society. The will …

A stream of literature is emerging where network development and business modeling intersect. Various authors emphasize that networks influence business models. This paper extends this stream of literature by studying two cases in which we analyze how business modeling and networking interact over time. …