Per-fluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent organic pollutants and do not degrade in the environment. They contain a carbon-fluorine bond, and these are called organic fluorides. A group of PFASs, which can be extracted from soil samples and be analysed, are called extractable …

Background Surgical resection is currently the cornerstone of hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) cancer treatment. A low preoperative aerobic fitness level has been identified as a modifiable risk factor associated with complications after major abdominal surgery. A person’s aerobic fitness is influenced …

Background: Palliative needs in older patients are often not timely identified. The Surprise Question (SQ) ‘would I be surprised if this patient died in the next year?’ is a well-researched tool that could aid in this effort. Most studies thus far involved physicians or specialist nurses, however the …