Abstract Driven by the European Green Deal, the road-freight sector is hybridizing its fleet. However, at present, trailing units do not possess any form of powertrain, a missed opportunity. By introducing electrically driven axles, these units may reduce fuel consumption and emissions substantially. …

Despite the efforts of governments and firms, the construction industry is trailing other industries in labour productivity. Construction companies are interested in increasing their labour productivity, particularly when demand grows and construction firms cope with labour shortages. Off-site construction …

Gear transmission systems are widely used in a variety of applications in many industries, including automobile, railway, wind energy and the shipping industry. A gearbox breakdown may result in catastrophic failures and significant economic losses. A gearbox fault can cause damage to a propulsion system …