Samenvatting

Saybolt is a petrochemical company that invest in different types of oils and fuels. Saybolt Vlaardingen has purchased a new Perkin Elmer Optima 8300 ICP-OES (Inductively coupled plasma optical-emission spectrometry) that must be validated. The ICP-OES is used to analyze metals in petroleum products.
This type of ICP-OES can be analyzed both inorganically and organically. The purpose of this research is to be able to comply with and validate the IP 501 and ASTM 4951 method. A number of performance characteristics are described in the IP 501 and ASTM D4951 that must be met. The performance characteristics that are considered are precision, accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility, detection limit, determination limit, linearity determination and interferences. The most important part for Saybolt from the validation is to investigate what the lowest detection limits are. This involves the optimization of the method. There are two main methods used to analyze the samples. The IP 501 method analyzes inorganic by means of a destruction. The other method ASTM D4951 organically analyzes by means of a direct dilution in an organic solvent. Saybolt has two different types of torches available one for certain samples dissolved in water or one for organic basis. The elements are measured at different wavelengths and on the basis of interferences it is
determined which wavelength is suitable for which element. Following series of validations for IP 501 as aluminium (396,153 nm), calcium (317,933 and 315,887 nm), iron (259,939 and 308,204 nm), nickel (231,604 and 232,003 nm), phosphorus (214,914 and 213,617 nm), silicon (251,611 and 288,158 nm) ), vanadium (310,230 and 311,071 nm) and zinc (213,857 and 206,200 nm) did meet the lower bound level of <1 PPM. Sodium did not meet the lower bound level of <1PPM. The elements that are not described in IP 501 such as cadmium, potassium ,magnesium and lead are the suitable wavelengths and meet also the lower bound level of <1PPM. The elements that are not described in IP 501 such as cadmium (228,802 and 214,440 nm), chromium (205,2560 and 267,716 nm), copper (324,752 and 327,393 nm), potassium (766,490 nm), magnesium (280,271 and 279,0777 nm) and lead ( 217.00 and 283.306 nm) did also meet the lower bound level of <1 PPM. The elements according to ASTM D4951 such as calcium 317,933, magnesium 285,213 nm, phosphorus 214,914 nm and zinc 213,434 are the appropriate wavelengths to be reported. The lower limit of these four elements at this wavelength is less than 5 PPM.
It has been concluded that the highest measured intensity will have to be reported.