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In Situ Assessment of Uplink Duty Cycles for 4G and 5G Wireless Communications

Günter Vermeeren (Onderzoeker); Leen Verloock (Onderzoeker); Sam Aerts (Onderzoeker); Luc Martens (Onderzoeker); Wout Joseph (Onderzoeker)

In this presented study, we measured in situ the uplink duty cycles of a smartphone for 5G NR and 4G LTE for a total of six use cases covering voice, video, and data applications. The duty cycles were assessed at ten positions near a 4G and 5G base-station site in Belgium. For Twitch, VoLTE, and WhatsApp, …

2025-05-09TechniekArtikel

A comprehensive review of 5G NR RF-EMF exposure assessment technologies: fundamentals, advancements, challenges, niches, and implications

Erdal Korkmaz (Onderzoeker); Sam Aerts (Onderzoeker); Richard Coesoij (Onderzoeker); Chhavi Raj Bhatt (Onderzoeker); Maarten Velghe (Onderzoeker); Loek Colussi (Onderzoeker); Derek Land (Onderzoeker); Nikolaos Petroulakis (Onderzoeker); Marco Spirito (Onderzoeker); J.F.B. (John) Bolte (Onderzoeker)

This review offers a detailed examination of the current landscape of radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) assessment tools, ranging from spectrum analyzers and broadband field meters to area monitors and custom-built devices. The discussion encompasses both standardized and non-standardized …

2024-11-01TechniekArtikel

An Assessment of Extrapolated Field Strengths Versus Distance, Measurement Time, and Induced Traffic From 5G Base Station in C-Band

Sangin Qahtan Wali (Onderzoeker); Aduwati Sali (Onderzoeker); Darko Šuka (Onderzoeker); Sam Aerts (Onderzoeker); Mohammed Alkurayşi (Onderzoeker); Lu Li (Onderzoeker); Alyani Ismail (Onderzoeker); Fazirulhisyam Hashim (Onderzoeker); Yasser A. Alsaidosh (Onderzoeker); Víctor P. Gil Jiménez (Onderzoeker); Manfred Ruttner (Onderzoeker); Anwar Faizd Osman (Onderzoeker)

This study evaluates the maximum theoretical exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromag- netic fields (EMFs) from a Fifth-generation (5G) New Radio (NR) base station (BS) while using four commonly used mobile applications: YouTube for video streaming, WhatsApp for voice calls, Instagram for posting pictures …

2024-08-22TechniekArtikel

RF Exposure Assessment in ITS-5.9 GHz V2X Connectivity and Vehicle Wireless Technologies

Yizhen Yang (Onderzoeker); Barbara M. Masini (Onderzoeker); Günter Vermeeren (Onderzoeker); Author image of Daniel van den Akker Daniel van den Akker (Onderzoeker); Sam Aerts (Onderzoeker); Emma Chiaramello (Onderzoeker); Marta Bonato (Onderzoeker); Joe Wiart (Onderzoeker); Gabriella Tognola (Onderzoeker); Wout Joseph (Onderzoeker)

As Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technologies gain prominence, ensuring human safety from radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) becomes paramount. This study critically examines human RF exposure in the context of ITS-5.9 GHz V2X connectivity, employing a combination of numerical …

2024-07-29TechniekArtikel

A Comparative Study of In Situ Methodologies for Assessment of RF EMF Exposure From a 5G FR2 Base Station

Samuel Goegebeur (Onderzoeker); Kenneth Deprez (Onderzoeker); Davide Colombi (Onderzoeker); Jens Eilers Bischoff (Onderzoeker); Carla Di Paola (Onderzoeker); Bram Stroobandt (Onderzoeker); Leen Verloock (Onderzoeker); Sam Aerts (Onderzoeker); Christer Törnevik (Onderzoeker); Wout Joseph (Onderzoeker)

In this work, in situ measurements of the radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure have been conducted for an indoor massive MIMO 5G base station operating at 26–28 GHz. Measurements were performed at six different positions (at distances between 9.94 and 14.32 m from the base station), of which …

2024-07-05TechniekArtikel

NextGEM Practical Guidelines for RF-EMF exposure awareness and preventive actions: goals, definitions, and procedure

Maarten Velghe (Onderzoeker); Mathieu Pruppers (Onderzoeker); Sam Aerts (Lid Lectoraat); Erdal Korkmaz (Lid Lectoraat); Andreas Gavrielides (Onderzoeker); Olga Zeni (Onderzoeker); Maria R. Scarfi (Onderzoeker); Eduardo Sudah (Onderzoeker); Fulvio Schettino (Onderzoeker); Marco D. Miglior (Onderzoeker); Francisco Vargas (Onderzoeker); Raquel Ramirez-Vazquez (Onderzoeker); Loek Colussi (Onderzoeker); Mats-Olof Mattsson (Onderzoeker); Myrtill Simkó (Onderzoeker); Dan Baaken (Onderzoeker); Nikolaos Petroulakis (Onderzoeker); J.F.B. (John) Bolte (Lector)

The European Union (EU) Horizon Europe project NextGEM provides a framework for generating health-relevant scientific knowledge and data on new exposure scenarios to Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMFs) and developing and validating tools for evidence-based risk assessment. Practical guidelines …

2023-08-19TechniekConferentiebijdrage

A Low-cost EMF Field Sensor for 5G EMF Exposure Measurements

Erdal Korkmaz (Lid Lectoraat); Stephan Littel (Lid Lectoraat); Marco Spirito (Onderzoeker); J.F.B. (John) Bolte (Lector)

A low-cost sensornode is introduced to monitor the 5G EMF exposure in the Netherlands for the four FR1 frequency bands. The sensornode is validated with in-lab measurements both with CW signals as for QAM signals and perform for both cases and for all frequency bands an error less than 1 dB for a dynamic …

2023-06-18TechniekConferentiebijdrage

NextGEM: Next-Generation Integrated Sensing and Analytical System for Monitoring and Assessing Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure and Health

Nikolaos Petroulakis (Onderzoeker); Mats-Olof Mattsson (Onderzoeker); Panos Chatziadam (Onderzoeker); Myrtill Simko (Onderzoeker); Andreas Gavrielides (Onderzoeker); Andrianos M. Yiorkas (Onderzoeker); Olga Zeni (Onderzoeker); Maria Rosaria Scarf (Onderzoeker); Eduardo Soudah (Onderzoeker); Ruben Otin (Onderzoeker); Fulvio Schettino (Onderzoeker); Marco Donald Migliore (Onderzoeker); Andreas Miaoudakis (Onderzoeker); George Spanoudakis (Onderzoeker); J.F.B. (John) Bolte (Lector); Erdal Korkmaz (Lid Lectoraat); Vasileios Theodorou (Onderzoeker); Eleni Zarogianni (Onderzoeker); Susanna Lagorio (Onderzoeker); Mauro Biffoni (Onderzoeker); Andrea Schiavoni (Onderzoeker); Mauro Renato Boldi (Onderzoeker); Yuri Feldman Feldman (Onderzoeker); Igal Bilik (Onderzoeker); Anna Laromaine (Onderzoeker); Martí Gich (Onderzoeker); Marco Spirito (Onderzoeker); Maryse Ledent (Onderzoeker); Seppe Segers (Onderzoeker); Francisco Vargas (Onderzoeker); Loek Colussi (Onderzoeker); Mathieu Pruppers (Onderzoeker); Dan Baaken (Onderzoeker); Anna Bogdanova (Onderzoeker)

The evolution of emerging technologies that use Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field (RF-EMF) has increased the interest of the scientific community and society regarding the possible adverse effects on human health and the environment. This article provides NextGEM’s vision to assure safety for EU …

2023-06-08TechniekArtikel

Comparison of Low-Cost 5G Electromagnetic Field Sensors

Kenneth Deprez (Onderzoeker); Loek Colussi (Onderzoeker); Erdal Korkmaz (Lid Lectoraat); Sam Aerts (Lid Lectoraat); Derek Land (Lid Lectoraat); Stephan Littel (Lid Lectoraat); Leen Verloock (Onderzoeker); David Plets (Onderzoeker); Wout Joseph (Onderzoeker); J.F.B. (John) Bolte (Lector)

This paper compares different low-cost sensors that can measure (5G) RF-EMF exposure. The sensors are either commercially available (off-the-shelf Software Defined Radio (SDR) Adalm Pluto) or constructed by a research institution (i.e., imec-WAVES, Ghent University and Smart Sensor Systems research group …

2023-03-21TechniekArtikel

Electromagnetic field exposure in power plants

Thomas A. M. Stege; J.F.B. (John) Bolte (Lector); Liesbeth Claassen; Danielle R. M. Timmermans

Electromagnetic fields, or EMF, are ubiquitous in our daily life. Extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF MF) are generated by any device using electric current. Especially in workplace situations involving MRI scanners, welding equipment, induction heaters, and power plants, they are known for …

2020-04-09Economie & Management; …Artikel

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