This study evaluates the maximum theoretical exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromag- netic fields (EMFs) from a Fifth-generation (5G) New Radio (NR) base station (BS) while using four commonly used mobile applications: YouTube for video streaming, WhatsApp for voice calls, Instagram for posting pictures …

In this work, in situ measurements of the radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure have been conducted for an indoor massive MIMO 5G base station operating at 26–28 GHz. Measurements were performed at six different positions (at distances between 9.94 and 14.32 m from the base station), of which …

Daily wheelchair ambulation is seen as a risk factor for shoulder problems, which are prevalent in manual wheelchair users. To examine the long-term effect of shoulder load from daily wheelchair ambulation on shoulder problems, quantification is required in real-life settings. In this study, we describe …

This paper compares different low-cost sensors that can measure (5G) RF-EMF exposure. The sensors are either commercially available (off-the-shelf Software Defined Radio (SDR) Adalm Pluto) or constructed by a research institution (i.e., imec-WAVES, Ghent University and Smart Sensor Systems research group …

Waterschap Scheldestromen has a measurement device named Multiflexmeter. It uses the LoRaWAN technology to send the measurement data to the gateway. But sometimes, the Multiflexmeter can not connect to the gateway to send data because the line of sight is blocked. So the company is seeking a design of …

Water Authority Zuiderzeeland measures many parameters for the WFD objectives, including electrical conductivity (EC). The EC is measured using various measuring devices, through field measurements (manual), telemetry and since 2019 with relatively inexpensive Internet of Things (IoT)sensors. It is not …

This paper extends the 'go-with-the-flow' method to explore enclosed environments, like oil reservoirs, pipe lines that transport liquids, and industrial tanks for processing chemicals, where sensing nodes cannot establish communication with the external world. Nonetheless, large quantities of highly …

Objective: The most common methods to calculate energy costs are based on measured oxygen uptake during walking a standardized distance or time. Unfortunately, it is unclear which method is most reliable to determine energy cost of walking in stroke survivors. The objective of this study was to evaluate …

Objective: Despite the common occurrence of lower levels of physical activity and physical fitness in youth with spina bifida (SB) who use a wheelchair, there are very few tests available to measure and assess these levels. The purpose of this study was to determine reliability and the physiologic response …

Some public organisations, despite being committed to attain the ideals of Open Data, struggle to meet the Open Data requirements fully. Often this is the case when their data are of low quality, have (potentially) sensitive information, or have non-interoperable format and semantics. These restrictions, …