Many rivers in Indonesia had very poor water clarity due to a mixture of dirt and mud in the  water.  Polluted  rivers were  often  found  in  areas  near  settlements,  where  household  waste that flowing into rivers made the water look dirty and turbid. Pollutants dissolved in water will bind to small …

Perfluoro alkyl substances (PFAS) are substances in which contain multiple fluorine atoms. The fluorine atoms are bound to, often, long carbon chains. PFAS are able to repel dirt and water, due to the large amount of fluorine atoms in the molecules. PFAS are also chemically and thermally stable. Many …

The aim is to investigate what (tangible) characteristics of the environment people associate with cleanliness, to determine what aspects - apart from technical cleanliness - are involved when people perceive their (working) environment to be 'clean '.