Two modern trends in insurance are data-intensive underwriting and behaviour-based insurance. Data-intensive underwriting means that insurers analyse more data for estimating the claim cost of a consumer and for determining the premium based on that estimation. Insurers also offer behaviour-based insurance. …

The European Union Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act was adopted in 2024 to protect public interests from AI-related harms. We aimed to determine whether the AI Act captures the most relevant stakeholders’ values for a high-risk AI Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) for cardiovascular disease. Ethics …

This chapter explores the legal and moral implications of the use of data science in criminal justice at two levels: police surveillance and the criminal trial of a defendant. At the first level, police surveillance, data science is used to identify places and people at high risk of criminal activity, …

In this paper we present a data-driven profiling approach that we have adopted and implemented for a municipality. Our aim was to make profiles transparent and meaningful for citizens, policymakers and authorities so that they can validate, scrutinize and challenge the profiles. Our approach relies on …

A refugee is a person who, for reasons of persecution (or fear hereto), is forced to leave his home and is outside of his home country. Although the great majority of the world's refugees find themselves in third world countries, also wealthier countries are dealing with considerable numbers of migrants …

The commencement of the Single European market by the signing of the Single European Act led to the foundation of public procurement. Public procurement is the process of purchasing public works, supplies and services by states and their governing bodies in which they have to act transparent, non discriminatory …