Intercultural communication education (ICE) is often viewed as the transfer of stable knowledge, skills, and dispositions. Classroom interaction, as an important component of education, is, however, highly relational and deeply contextual. This paper proposes a novel perspective on ICE by integrating …

Decades of research on intercultural competence (ICC) development in higher education have primarily focused on interventions implemented during enrollment, with limited attention to the experiences students bring with them upon entry. This study therefore explores differences in ICC at the point of …

Labor market demands are changing considerably amidst modern developments. Furthermore, societies are becoming increasingly diverse economically, socially, and culturally. Transformative learning is needed to address these economic and societal challenges and capitalize on the increasing diversity in …

The Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS) has been widely used to conceptualise changes in how individuals experience cultural difference, typically described as a progression from ethnocentric toward ethnorelative orientations. While the model’s value is considerable, its common interpretation …

Intercultural literature often treats ethnocentrism and ethnorelativism as opposite ends of a single continuum. This paper challenges that assumption by adapting Herzberg’s two-factor theory to propose a dual-spectrum model: (1) a “hygiene” axis (ethnocentrism ↔ absence of ethnocentrism) that prevents …

This study examined how school diversity perspectives (multiculturalism, critical consciousness, color-evasion) may enhance student outcomes (school belonging, well-being, intercultural contact) and whether a strong diversity climate among classmates (openness and appreciation of diversity) may moderate …

This paper investigates the advantages and challenges associated with synchronous and asynchronous activities in intercultural virtual collaboration (IVC) projects, particularly in relation to student satisfaction and learning outcomes. This study draws parallels between two distinct IVC projects. The …