In the last few years, online shopping has been increasing rapidly. Optimising the sorting processes in E-fulfilment centres, combined with direct parcel delivery from the E-fulfilment centres to the close-by customers has not been widely studied in a quantitative manner. The main objective is to show …

The term last-mile delivery refers to the final leg of a business-to-customer service, in which products are shipped from a depot to a destination point bymeans of land transportation, such as vans and small trucks. Although these vehicles provide a common and easy way to consign products, companies …