This article analyses how international criminal courts and tribunals have pronounced on the contextual elements of their respective war crimes provisions. A comprehensive overview of the way these institutions treated the material scope of application of ihl shows that the ad hoc tribunals tended to …

The following research aims to determine feasible and effective recommendations on how to improve the United Nations zero-tolerance policy with respect to sexual exploitation and abuse by UN personnel. The UN has pursued a zero-tolerance policy since 2003, which means that any sexual contact between …

Het begrip high impact crime is niet echt meegegroeid met de veranderingen in de samenleving. Hoogste tijd dus om opnieuw na te denken over wat de high impact crimes van deze tijd eigenlijk zijn. Online slutshaming hoort daar zeker bij. Die erkenning is belangrijk zodat de jonge vrouwen die het treft …

Issues of race and discrimination towards the ethnic minorities have always existed in the United Kingdom. With the initiation of the EU referendum and Brexit, these issues have increased. Following the referendum, the media published news of hate crimes against Indian and Pakistani citizens. During …

Although the prevalence of cybercrime has increased rapidly, most victims do not report these offenses to the police. This is the first study that compares associations between victim characteristics and crime reporting behavior for traditional crimes versus cybercrimes. Data from four waves of a Dutch …

Dit onderzoek is een eerste verkenning in Nederland naar de impact op slachtoffers van online delicten, de behoeften van slachtoffers en de verantwoordelijkheden van politie, justitie en andere instanties bij de afhandeling van dergelijke delicten. Daarbij is er bijzondere aandacht voor de vraag in hoeverre …

The main purpose of this dissertation is to provide a solution to the extensive lack of accountability and of effective remedies to the victims of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse at the hands of UN Peacekeepers. In order obtain this, existing literature was reviewed to understand the Department of Peacekeeping …

This study seeks to explore the characteristics of cyber-organised crime (OC), and focuses on the criminal activities of cyber-OC groups, their modus operandi, the organisational structures, the ‘profiles’ of the involved offenders, and the characteristics of criminal investigation into these cases. …

The aim of this dissertation was to investigate the UN peacekeeping mission in Bosnia and the failures made, which led to the Srebrenica genocide. All limitations of the mandate and the lessons of Bosnia/Srebrenica were summed up and compared with subsequent peacekeeping missions in order to see whether …