Nicotine is a well-known and highly addictive substance with complex effects on cognition, anxiety, and neurophysiology. Despite its short-term anxiolytic effects, this drug often exacerbates anxiety symptoms. It disrupts emotional regulation through its impact on the central nucleus of the amygdala …

The European Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) is an endemic, non-social, hibernating rodent, distributed through several Pan-European countries. Its habitat is semi-arid grass steppes and analogical man-made landscapes with short vegetation layers, such as meadows and golf courses. Since 1996, …