Aim: Mothers of children with intellectual disabilities are particularly vulnerable to mental distress due to demanding and exhausting caregiving. However, in the Arab world, they are seldom screened for depression because of limited diagnostic resources. Addressing the urgent need for brief and reliable …

The Middle East and North Africa region has been absent form stocktaking exercises on social accountability initiatives (SAI), an umbrella term to designate citizen-led tools aimed at socio-political change. We argue that this sidelining is unwarranted, given the proliferation of participatory governance …

As the revolutions across the Arab world that came to a head in 2011 devolved into civil war and military coup, representation and history acquired a renewed and contested urgency. The capacities of the internet have enabled sharing and archiving in an unprecedented fashion. Yet, at the same time, these …

Iraq is currently one of the most unstable countries in the world. Its political instability can be attributed to different factors, such as internal (armed) conflicts, wars with neighbouring countries, and invasions. Political scientists such as Toby Dodge argue that the state that the British created …

Since the political unrest in the Middle East and North Africa, the pressure on the European external borders has been increasing due the enormous flow of refugees to Europe. States play a role in creating international refugee flows. For example the interstate violence and violence between different …

The Turkish Republic has a great history with major defeats and victories in its past. Since the fourteenth century Turkey was part of the Ottoman Empire. During the following centuries, the Empire expanded and covered areas which are nowadays known as Europe, Asia and North Africa. The twentieth century …

This thesis focuses on the promotion of democracy by the European Union in Egypt with special regard to the differences before and after the so called 'Arab Spring'. More specific, the guiding question of this thesis is in what extent the EU's promotion of democracy in Egypt has changed after the Arab …

Since the Arab Spring in the beginning of 2011, Egypt has experienced many social and political changes. Islamist parties have gained a firm foothold in the political arena after years of secular rule by the Mubarak regime and the interim SCAF government. A new constitution, in which men and women are …

This thesis intends to find out how CityFilm can export its concept successfully in order to enter a new market. CityFilm is a small Dutch media marketing company that successfully creates promotional destination videos of cities, presenting them worldwide to the wealthy customer through professional …

This thesis aims to test the credibility of the Responsibility to Protect principle ("R2P") by looking at how the principle was applied in Libya and addressing the question of why R2P was not applied in Syria. The first part of the thesis is about the origins and definition of R2P. The second part compares …