After several revolutions in the Arab world, the question raised what the Netherlands and in particular The Hague as city of Peace and Justice could do to help reforms in the Arab region. This dissertation outlines the various reasons which have led to several revolutions in the Arab world, also known …

Since the Arab Spring in the beginning of 2011, Egypt has experienced many social and political changes. Islamist parties have gained a firm foothold in the political arena after years of secular rule by the Mubarak regime and the interim SCAF government. A new constitution, in which men and women are …

Ever since the start of the Italian Republic in 1946, the Italian political system seems to have experienced instability. It has had more than 60 governments in a 60 year period. In 1992, the political system collapsed and that which external factors attempted to achieve in the 1960s until the 1980s …

Ever since the fall of communism Russia has been going through periods of transition. Gorbatchev brought 'glasnost' to the country. Yeltsin brought private ownership, immense freedom but pulled the country into a complete post-communist chaos. Putin restored the sense of order and stability and brought …