This study systematically evaluates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reporting practices of European airline groups, covering both mandatory and voluntary key performance indicators (KPIs) under evolving regulatory frameworks. By analysing annual and sustainability reports from 16 major airline groups, …

The decarbonisation of the aviation industry requires strict regulation to align with the EU Green Deal, which aims to make the EU the world’s first climate-neutral region by 2050. EU regulations continuously evolve and impact the key performance indicators (KPIs) used to measure progress towards this …