Paratonia is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle stiffening that affects nearly all individuals with advanced dementia, yet it remains poorly recognized in routine clinical practice. Often misinterpreted as intentional resistance to care, untreated paratonia may progress to muscle …

Background: Paratonia is a dementia-induced motor abnormality. Although paratonia affects virtually all people with dementia, it is not well known among clinicians and researchers. Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature on the definition, pathogenesis, diagnosis, …