Since 2012, the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) population in the Dutch Wadden Sea has been in decline, raising concerns about the potential role of infectious diseases. Historical outbreaks like those caused by Phocine Distemper Virus (PDV) and Influenza A virus subtype H10N7, have shown that pathogens …

Common seals (Phoca vitulina) are mostly seen from coastal temperate waters to the Polar Regions. High levels of toxic waste that affect the immune system, fisheries, and new outbreaks of viruses consist of the current threats to the seal populations. The Seal Rehabilitation and Research Centre (SRRC) …