This chapter examines whether the legal origin of a country influences the likelihood of ratification of multilateral international treaties concerning arms control. We theorize that ratification of an arms control treaty signals a country’s intention to avoid arms races and wars. We know only little …

The cultural world has two kinds of ownerships: the physical and intellectual. Many items have an important meaning not only for the individual, but also for the society. Making the items accessible requires following regulations such as copyrights. Multiple items have no rights holder or the rights …

Introduction: The recently published 2018 ESPEN Guidelines on Clinical Nutrition in the Intensive Care Unit [1] represents a valuable revision of the 2006 Enteral Nutrition Guidelines [2] and the 2009 Parenteral Nutrition Guidelines [3] published earlier by this European group. The guidelines committee …

The title of this dissertation, “the Irish Legislative Gender Quota: Analysing Implementation & Outcome”, is specifically related to the Electoral (Amendment) (Political Funding) Act 2012, which requires political parties to field at least 30 percent candidates from the minority represented sex, with …

Since the announcement of the establishment of the Islamic ‘caliphate’ in the Middle East on June 29 2014, the number of people leaving Western European countries to join the ISIS military has dramatically increased. It is estimated that over 1,430 French, around 700 British and at least 180 Dutch nationals …

On May 20, 2016, the Member States of the European Union will have to transpose the 2014/40/EU revised tobacco directive. The dissertation in front of you provides an understanding of the revised tobacco directive and the transposition of the directive into North Rhine-Westphalian law. The historical, …

Management Summary Litter is a social and environmental problem with undesirable consequences. Facility managers and cleaning companies of universities of applied sciences, consider indoor litter as a hot topic. Universities should take the litter issue serious. Less litter could contribute to cost …

Abstract Background: Currently, health care and medical decision-making at the end of life for older people are often insufficiently patient-centred. In this trial we study the effects of Advance Care Planning (ACP), a formalised process of timely communication about care preferences at the end of life, …

“By 1993, the European Single Market becomes a reality” (“Historical overview,” 2014). This is stated by the European Commission in its historical overview on the internal market. The question has arisen whether today, 30 years after the signing of the European Single Act, the European Single Market …

The European Commission’s Fitness Check exercise, as part of the Better Regulation agenda is a very hot topic at the moment and has already covered six policy areas since 2010. At the moment, a Fitness Check is being performed on the Birds & Habitats Directives, which can be seen as the most controversial …