Background: Most studies on older adults' vitality focus on linear connections between determinants and outcomes. To design more comprehensive and impactful approaches to support the vitality of older adults, a better understanding of the interplay among elements that shape their vitality is necessary. …

Urban densification is a key strategy to accommodate rapid urban population growth, but emerging evidence suggests serious risks of urban densification for individuals’ mental health. To better understand the complex pathways from urban densification to mental health, we integrated interdisciplinary …