This Vehicle-to-City (V2C) Operational Pilot, Flexpower, was deployed in two phases in Amsterdam from the beginning of March 2017 up to the end of May 2020 [1]. The first phase, defined as Flexpower 1, ran from March 2017 until end August 2018. The second phase, Flexpower 2, encompasses May 2019 – May …

A smart charging profile was implemented on 39 public charging stations in Amsterdam on which the current level available for electric vehicle (EV) charging was limited during peak hours on the electricity grid (07:00-08:30 and 17:00-20:00) and was increased during the rest of the day. The impact of …

The city of Amsterdam set the ambitious target of having local zero emission transport in 2025. To achieve this challenging goal, the network of public charging stations needs to be developed. This expansion will increase the load on the local electrical network. To avoid overload and instability in …