From past experience, the municipality of Groningen (GRO) knows that citizen engagement is an essential aspect to execute any plans that imply change. In particular, district energy plans need citizen engagement the most to ensure successful execution. Both GRO and Grunneger Power (GPO) have first-hand …

The paper describes the first implementation of the Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA), a newly developed design-oriented framework for citizen engagement in the energy transition. The preliminary testing and evaluation of several of its pathways in Groningen, the Netherlands, show that the role …

It is assumed by the projects demonstrating Positive Energy District (PED) concepts in cities across Europe that citizens should want and need to be involved in the development of new energy concepts, such as PEDs for these concepts to be deployed successfully. Six different PED research and innovation …

Social innovation: next steps in the energy transition