Conventional centralised sewerage systems are increasingly challenged by climate change, population growth and sustainability goals. Decentralised wastewater treatment systems (DWTS) offer an alternative by reducing hydraulic loads, enabling local reuse and supporting resource recovery. This study analyses …

Summary Constructed wetlands have been used for decades on industrial areas to treat stormwater. European regulations and local ambitions for water quality dictate lower emissions before the water is discharged to the drainage system, surface water or infiltrated to ground water. The increase in the …