Part 2 of 4 columns on Dynamic Systems Theory. Like biological systems, psychological systems also arise from the coupling of many cyclic (oscillating) processes. For instance, over our lifespan, our bodies change and go through several attractor states. Healthy lifestyle is important, but should not …

The article argues that a dynamic systems theory approach can be helpful in understanding intrapersonal psychological behaviour changes. In terms of control and coordination, different movement systems - walk, trot, canter - are incomparable. This is also the case with psychological phase transitions. …

In order for out-of-school science activities that take place during school hours but outside the school context to be successful, instructors must have sufficient pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) to guarantee high-quality teaching and learning. We argue that PCK is a quality of the instructor-pupil …