Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are by far the leading cause of death due to non communicable diseases in the world. The development of CVDs in many cases is caused by atherosclerosis. In atherosclerosis, plaques in blood vessels are formed by the excessive accumulation of lipids in the endothelial lining. …

Endothelial cells were isolated from arteries and veins obtained from elderly people at autopsy and propagated for 37 to 69 population doublings. The cells secreted tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and PA inhibitor-1, and, after subculturing, urokinase-type PA (u-PA) antigen. The following differences …