Particularly in urban schools, school–family partnerships can contribute to a student’s academic achievement and reduce educational disadvantage, regardless of the family’s socioeconomic background. Based on the recommendations of a former explorative field study (also published in this issue), conventional …

School–family partnerships may contribute to students’ academic achievement. This is particularly relevant at schools in urban neighborhoods where children are at greater risk of educational disadvantages. Unfortunately, at urban schools (especially at urban secondary schools), barriers between the school …

In Multiple Choice tests several alternative answers are given for each question. The candidate must pick one of these alternatives as the correct answer. This type of test can be scored rapidly and objectively. However, a major disadvantage is that there is no way of telling what grounds the candidate …

Following on from successful early intervention programs abroad, the Netherlands also introduced a number of different programs to tackle educational disadvantage in preschool and early years education. Studies that investigate the effects of Dutch early childhood interventions have been published since …

In summary, state aid exists of government measures that provide a financial benefit to one or more undertakings or a certain industry, with the potential to distort competition or affect trade between MSs within the EU. The rules for state aid are laid down in Art. 107, 108 and 109 TFEU and the different …