Parasitoids lay their eggs in or on a host, usually another insect. During foraging, parasitoids can encounter insects that differ in terms of host suitability and quality. At one extreme end of this spectrum are non-hosts that are unsuitable for offspring development.Non-hosts are generally ignored …

Hyperparasitoids are some of the most diverse members of insect food webs. True hyperparasitoids parasitize the larvae of other parasitoids, reaching these larvae with their ovipositor through the herbivore that hosts the parasitoid larva. During pupation, primary parasitoids also may be attacked by …

1. Diets that maximise life span often differ from diets that maximise reproduction. Animals have therefore evolved advanced foraging strategies to acquire optimal nutrition and maximise their fitness. The free-living adult females of parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) need to balance their search for hosts …

Hoge stikstofdepositie leidt in voedselarme ecosystemen nog steeds tot een overschrijding van de maximum tolerantiegrens. De overmatige stikstofdepositie werkt niet alleen in op planten(gemeenschappen) en herbivoren maar de grotere hoeveelheid beschikbare stikstof werkt door op het gehele ecosysteem. …