Attack surfaces are increasing as products are increasingly more connected. This has been acknowledged by the European Commission in their Europe: fit for the digital age strategy and in recent legislative proposals. Most importantly, the proposed Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) sets minimum cybersecurity …

While the Municipality of Amsterdam wants to expand the electric vehicle public charging infrastructure to reach carbon-neutral objectives, the Distribution System Operator cannot allow new charging stations where low-voltage transformers are reaching their maximum capacity. To solve this situation, …

Decarbonisation of urban logistics is a pressing issue. About one third of the freight-related CO2 emissions in the Netherlands relates to urban logistics, consisting of both vans and trucks. Although electrification is a feasible solution, delivery models that not only focus on reducing the carbon footprint, …

This research advances the theoretical foundation by presenting a practical and comprehensive design approach for Connected and Autonomous Transport (CAT) systems. Using a morphological chart, this paper decomposes the complex elements of CAT systems into sub-functions, each offering multiple feasible …

Abstract Driven by the European Green Deal, the road-freight sector is hybridizing its fleet. However, at present, trailing units do not possess any form of powertrain, a missed opportunity. By introducing electrically driven axles, these units may reduce fuel consumption and emissions substantially. …

Abstract The upcoming EURO 7 regulation requires significant CO2 reductions in road freight, targeting towing vehicles and semitrailers. Semitrailers face a 10% reduction goal, with limited gains from aerodynamic tweaks and low rolling resistance tires, making electrification the most promising solution. …

Abstract Digital twinning of logistics vehicles can enhance decision making, to determine the right vehicle to use for the right duty (e.g. an EMS vehicle’s ability to negotiate the roundabouts in a route) and predict future tyre wear using vehicle telemetry (i.e. how much rubber is worn out and how …

A replacement of cars with conventional internal combustion engines (ICEs) by electric vehicles (EVs) is seen by many as a means to improve local air quality, reduce dependence on fossil fuels and CO2 emissions. The market for EV is slowly developing with a growing number of (subsidized) manufacturers …

The adoption of electric autonomous vehicles (EAVs) is set to revolutionize airport ground operations. Airports are increasingly developing new autonomous innovation strategies to meet sustainability goals and address future challenges, such as shifting labor markets, evolving working conditions, and …

As Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technologies gain prominence, ensuring human safety from radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) becomes paramount. This study critically examines human RF exposure in the context of ITS-5.9 GHz V2X connectivity, employing a combination of numerical …