Gender equality is one of the European Union’s (EU) core values. However, no EU Member State (MS) has achieved gender equality. The European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) is the EU institute responsible for promoting gender equality. The aim of this dissertation was to find out how effective EIGE …

Over the past 20 years, water quality in Indonesia has deteriorated due to an increase of water pollution. Research and analysis is needed to identify pollution sources and assess contamination in Indonesian water resources. Water quality management is not yet sufficiently integrated in river basin management …

Social scientists of conservation typically address sources of legitimacy of conservation policies in relation to local communities’ or indigenous land rights, highlighting social inequality and environmental injustice. This chapter reflects on the underlying ethics of environmental justice in order …

This thesis focuses on the relationship between ethnic composition and both schooling outcomes and classroom behaviour, making the crucial distinction between the share of migrant-origin students and ethnic diversity. Ethnic school composition is seen as one of the explanations for the inequality of …

All over the world, sport events are seen as significant tools for creating positive social impact. This is understandable, as sport events have the power to attract enthusiastic participants, volunteers and to reach large audiences of visitors and followers via (social) media. Outbursts of excitement, …

Over the last 40 years, Sport for All policies – aiming at encouraging the sports participation of all citizens, regardless of age, sex, social class, ethnic origin, etc. – were implemented in a number of European countries. This study examines the extent to which a democratisation of club-organised …

The main purpose of this research is to explore in what ways the gender gap could become smaller in the STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) field of higher education in the Netherlands. To gain insight into this issue, research has been conducted by the Swedish approach to attempt …

The ‘pay gap’ is a relatively new term. However, it is a problem that was developed around the beginning of the 20th century, the moment when women were allowed to hold a paid occupation in the Netherlands and Norway. The pay gap, often confused with unequal pay for the same work, is actually a complex …

According to several provisions of Iraq's Constitutional Law, Criminal Law and its obligations under International Law, at first sight it seems that minority women and girls of Iraqi Kurdistan are adequately protected under Iraqi and International Law. However, in reality these minority women suffer …

This paper provides insights into the operational features of community-based financing mechanisms. These include CAF groups, which are self-financed communities where people save and lend money to each other. The implementation of such self-financed communities in the Netherlands is supported by Participatory …