In this paper we investigate the possible consequences of different institutional settings (in casu the legal system) on externalities and their effect on the efficient allocation of externalities. We investigate whether the restriction of marginally low transaction costs can be relaxed if the legal …

During the past decade there has been a huge increase in the number of internet users, this has among other things resulted in a high growth of online networks. Many network providers are trying to attract new members, the competition is fierce. Therefore the purpose of this study was to investigate …

We study optimal incentive contracts for workers who are reciprocal to management attention. When neither worker’s effort nor manager’s attention can be contracted, a double moral-hazard problem arises, implying that reciprocal workers should be given weak financial incentives. In a multiple-agent setting, …

We study the relation between formal incentives and social exchange in organizations where employees work for several managers and reciprocate a manager’s attention with higher effort. To this end we develop a common agency model with two-sided moral hazard. We show that when management attention is …

This chapter focuses on the interconnection between religion and young people's view on Europe.The results of this empirical inquiry are less than optimistic: if anything religion seems to be more of a stumbling block than an incentive for the partaking in the building of a unified Europe.

The Zhanghe irrigation system (ZIS) is located in the Yangtze River Basin approximately 200 km west of Wuhan in Hubei Province. The reservoir was designed for multiple uses—irrigation, flood control, domestic water supply, industrial use, aquaculture, and hydropower. Over a period of more than 30 years …

Due to financial constraints, armed forces are being down-sized, and due to the need for joint operations the organizational structure of the Dutch Armed Forces has changed drastically. Policy-making has been centralized. Navy, Army and Air Force are brought under one com-mand and support has been concentrated. …

Economic, social and military networks have at least one thing in common: they change over time. For various reasons, nodes form and terminate links, thereby rearranging the network. In this paper, we present a structural network mechanism that formalizes a possible incentive that guides nodes in constructing …

The last two decades have seen a fundamental change in the way chemistry handles environmental issues. A shift in focus has occurred from 'end-of-pipe' to prevention and process integration. Presently an even more fundamental change is brought about by the need for sustainable development. It is becoming …